深海载人潜水器潜航员培养模式探究          下载免费PDF全文

张奕  丁忠军  高翔 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(1):21-25

为了加快建立深海载人潜水器潜航员体系,实现深海载人潜水器业务化运行,提高我国载人深潜科考作业水平,文章结合"深海进入、深海探测、深海开发"战略需要,分析研究了载人潜水器作业环境、作业需求和潜航员岗位要求。提出了能力、知识、技能三位一体化的培养模式和基于专家系统课程设置架构,实践表明该培养模式科学、严谨,极大地推动了"蛟龙"号载人潜水器潜航员队伍的培育,对未来我国深海载人潜水器潜航员培养具有重要的指导意义。结合培训的实际情况,让潜航员培养工作顺利开展,提出构建科学的管理体制、完善潜航员培养保障机制、建立系统的制度保障制度等建议。  相似文献   

基于“发现”号ROV的近海底综合声学调查系统及其在台西南冷泉调查中的应用     

王冰  宋永东  杜增丰  李超伦  张建兴  栾振东  张鑫  连超  阎军 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):889-898

随着海洋调查技术的发展和海洋研究的深入,基于深潜器平台的近海底调查在海洋调查与研究中的综合应用日趋常态。基于这一背景,本文介绍了搭载于"发现"号缆控水下机器人(remotely operatedvehicle,ROV)的近海底综合声学调查系统及其在台西南冷泉区的应用实例。基于"发现"号ROV平台的近海底综合声学调查系统主要由R2Sonic2024多波束测深系统,模块一体化的侧扫声纳-浅地层剖面系统和水下综合定位与导航系统构成。该系统的配置极大地扩展和完善了"发现"号ROV的近海底调查能力,实现了近海底多波束、侧扫和浅剖等声学数据的同步采集和快速融合处理。基于本套系统在南海冷泉区的综合应用,本文对其工作流程进行了介绍,并对所获得一系列成果进行了初步分析。结果表明,近海底综合探测系统的应用为南海冷泉区的识别、海底地形地貌特征分析以及空间规模量化研究等内容提供了不可或缺的基础资料。本套系统的配置和成功应用,有效地提高了我国的近海底调查和作业能力。  相似文献   

基于海洋命运共同体理念的深海战略新疆域建设          下载免费PDF全文

史先鹏  邬长斌 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(4):17-22

为加快我国深海事业的发展，促进全球海洋命运共同体的构建，文章基于海洋命运共同体理念，分析深海战略新疆域的内涵、地位及其与海洋命运共同体的关系，并提出发展建议。研究结果表明：深海是保障经济社会可持续发展的潜在战略基地和全人类共有的资源宝库，是开展科技创新和推动科技进步的新场所，是保障国家安全和维护国际海洋秩序的重要领域，是深度参与全球治理和构建海洋命运共同体的新领域；我国应充分履行勘探合同承包者的义务、持续开展深海科技创新、加强深海支撑保障能力建设和系统开展深海战略问题研究。  相似文献   

基于非锐化掩模引导滤波的水下图像细节增强算法研究     

付青青  景春雷  裴彦良  阚光明  张正炳  吴爱平 《海洋学报》2020,42(7):130-138

针对水下图像对比度偏低，细节模糊的问题，本文提出基于非锐化掩模引导滤波的细节增强方法。首先由原始图像做引导图进行滤波得到细节层图像，并对细节层使用噪声检测的中值滤波去除斑点噪声；然后对原始图像进行基于均值滤波的非锐化掩模，得到锐化图像，并将锐化图像作为引导图对原始图像进行引导滤波，获取基础层图像；最后将滤波后的细节层进行增益后与引导滤波获取的基础层进行叠加，达到增强水下图像细节的目的。并通过信息熵、局部对比度和平均梯度3种客观评价指标对图像处理结果进行了对比分析，主观和客观测试结果表明，本文采用的算法能够有效提高图像对比度以及增强细节信息，有利于提高水下图像资料解释的准确性。  相似文献   

浅谈东亚载人深潜国际合作与交流平台建设          下载免费PDF全文

于盛齐  于怡  宗乐  于凯本 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(11):10-13

随着7 000米级深海载人潜水器"蛟龙"号试验性应用阶段的圆满收官,以及4 500米级深海载人潜水器"深海勇士"号的交付使用,我国在载人深潜方面积累了大量的技术创新和实践经验。为加强东亚国家在载人深潜方面的国际合作与交流,发挥地缘优势,形成合力,缩短与欧美发达国家在该领域的差距,文章提出了依托国家深海基地建立东亚载人深潜国际合作与交流中心,开展东亚载人深潜科学考察与深潜技术应用机构调研和互访,举办东亚载人深潜合作与交流峰会,构建科学、高效、稳定的合作与交流运行机制,打造特色鲜明的东亚载人深潜国际合作与交流平台的构想,为促进东亚地区载人深潜技术的发展提供参考。  相似文献   

我国三类典型深海运载装备应用技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨磊  杜志元  陈云赛  沈鹏  刘坤 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(9):100-106

文章详细对比分析了国内外以"三龙"系列为代表的深海运载器海洋探测开发装备发展现状,特别针对我国以"蛟龙"号为代表的载人潜水器,以"海龙"系列为代表的无人有缆潜水器和以"潜龙"系列为代表的无人无缆自治潜水器的性能和功能进行了剖析,从作业深度、作业时间、取样能力和搭载工具等方面进行了分析研究,并借鉴大洋航次海上调查作业经验,构建了大型运载装备应用能力解析图,明确了不同装备的深海科学考察应用范畴,优化了大型装备的协同作业方案,通过对我国"三龙"装备体系、人才队伍、应用技术和制度体系等能力建设,形成我国三大系列装备转入业务化运行的全链条发展理念,为我国"深海进入,深海探测,深海开发"战略提供强有力的装备支撑。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and tectonic implication of lavas from the Yap Trench,western Pacific     

Ling Chen  Limei Tang  Jichao Yang  Xiaohu Li  Wei Wang  Fengyou Chu  Jie Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(11):147-161

We present major and trace element data of lava recovered from the northern Yap Trench in the western Pacific and discuss their petrogenesis and tectonic implications within the framework of interactions between the Caroline Ridge and Yap Trench. Rocks were collected from both landward and seaward trench slopes and exhibited geochemical characteristics similar to backarc basin basalt (BABB) and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), including high Fe content, tholeiitic affinity, high TiO2 value at a given FeOT/MgO ratio, Ti/V ratio between 20 and 50, low Ba/Nb ratio and Th/Nb ratio, and trace element patterns commonly displayed by BABB and MORB, which are distinct from arc lava. These rocks seem to have been generated during mantle upwelling and decompression melting at a spreading center. However, compared with typical forearc lava produced by seafloor spreading in the Mariana forearc region, such as the early Eocene forearc basalts and late Neogene forearc lava in the southernmost Mariana Trench, the Yap Trench lava is derived from a more fertile mantle and feature a more minor subduction component; thus, they cannot be the products of forearc mantle decompression melting. We suggest that the landward slope lava represents backarc basin crust that was overthrust onto the forearc lithosphere during the collision of the Caroline Ridge with the Yap Trench (20–25 Ma), which played a key role in the evolution of the Yap subduction system. Moreover, the seaward slope lava represents the subduction plate crust that accreted onto the deep trench during the collision. This collision event resulted in the cessation of Yap Arc magmatism; thus, the Yap Trench volcanic rocks (<25 Ma) previously suggested to be arc magma products may actually represent the nascent island arc lava with a lower subduction component than in the mature Mariana Arc lava.  相似文献   

北冰洋楚科奇边缘地的地球物理场与构造格局     

李官保  刘晨光  华清锋  韩国忠  刘保华 《海洋学报》2014,36(10):69-79

利用高分辨率水深、重力、地磁和多道反射地震数据,综合分析了楚科奇边缘地及其周边区域的地形地貌和地球物理场特征,划分了区域构造单元。研究表明,楚科奇边缘地不仅是楚科奇大陆架外缘独特的地形单元,也是一个相对独立的构造单元,与周边的加拿大洋盆、阿尔法-门捷列夫大火山岩省、北楚科奇陆架盆地和阿拉斯加被动陆缘等构造单元在地球物理场和区域构造上具有截然不同的特征。楚科奇边缘地是一个地壳减薄的微陆块,新生代早、中期发生了大规模的E-W向构造拉伸作用,基底断块的差异性升降塑造了当前的地形地貌和沉积层的发育。边缘地可能形成于北楚科奇盆地侏罗纪-早白垩纪的张裂作用,而内部盆-脊相间排列的构造格局则可能与加拿大海盆相边缘地俯冲作用停止后的均衡调整有关。  相似文献   

基于层次分析法的载人深潜器潜航员职业特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

丁忠军  高翔  王成胜  李正光 《海洋工程》2014,32(6):111-118

以层次分析法理论为基础,对载人深潜器潜航员职业特征进行分层次建模,采用3个层次63个要素对潜航员职业特征进行描述,结合与潜航员相关的一线专家队伍调研数据,采用定性判断与定量计算相结合的手段得到各要素之间的重要性量化权重,客观地反映潜航员职业所需的能力、知识、技能等各个层次、各个要素之间的关系,为我国潜航员的科学选拔、科学培养、科学管理提供决策依据。  相似文献   

Geology,isotope geochemistry and ore genesis of the Shanshulin carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit,southwest China     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2014

The Shanshulin Pb–Zn deposit occurs in Upper Carboniferous Huanglong Formation dolomitic limestone and dolostone, and is located in the western Yangtze Block, about 270 km west of Guiyang city in southwest China. Ore bodies occur along high angle thrust faults affiliated to the Weishui regional fault zone and within the northwestern part of the Guanyinshan anticline. Sulfide ores are composed of sphalerite, pyrite, and galena that are accompanied by calcite and subordinate dolomite. Twenty-two ore bodies have been found in the Shanshulin deposit area, with a combined 2.7 million tonnes of sulfide ores grading 0.54 to 8.94 wt.% Pb and 1.09 to 26.64 wt.% Zn. Calcite samples have δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_SMOW values ranging from − 3.1 to + 2.5‰ and + 18.8 to + 26.5‰, respectively. These values are higher than mantle and sedimentary organic matter, but are similar to marine carbonate rocks in a δ¹³C_PDB vs. δ¹⁸O_SMOW diagram, suggesting that carbon in the hydrothermal fluid was most likely derived from the carbonate country rocks. The δ³⁴S_CDT values of sphalerite and galena samples range from + 18.9 to + 20.3‰ and + 15.6 to + 17.1‰, respectively. These values suggest that evaporites are the most probable source of sulfur. The δ³⁴S_CDT values of symbiotic sphalerite–galena mineral pairs indicate that deposition of sulfides took place under chemical equilibrium conditions. Calculated temperatures of S isotope thermodynamic equilibrium fractionation based on sphalerite–galena mineral pairs range from 135 to 292 °C, consistent with previous fluid inclusion studies. Temperatures above 100 °C preclude derivation of sulfur through bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) and suggest that reduced sulfur in the hydrothermal fluid was most likely supplied through thermo-chemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Twelve sphalerite samples have δ⁶⁶Zn values ranging from 0.00 to + 0.55‰ (mean + 0.25‰) relative to the JMC 3-0749L zinc isotope standard. Stages I to III sphalerite samples have δ⁶⁶Zn values ranging from 0.00 to + 0.07‰, + 0.12 to + 0.23‰, and + 0.29 to + 0.55‰, respectively, showing the relatively heavier Zn isotopic compositions in later versus earlier sphalerite. The variations of Zn isotope values are likely due to kinetic Raleigh fractional crystallization. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of the sulfide samples fall in the range of 18.362 to 18.573, 15.505 to 15.769 and 38.302 to 39.223, respectively. The Pb isotopic ratios of the studied deposit plot in the field that covers the upper crust, orogenic belt and mantle Pb evolution curves and overlaps with the age-corrected Proterozoic folded basement rocks, Devonian to Lower Permian sedimentary rocks and Middle Permian Emeishan flood basalts in a ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagram. This observation points to the derivation of Pb metal from mixed sources. Sphalerite samples have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_200 Ma ratios ranging from 0.7107 to 0.7115 similar to the age-corrected Devonian to Lower Permian sedimentary rocks (0.7073 to 0.7111), higher than the age-corrected Middle Permian basalts (0.7039 to 0.7078), and lower than the age-corrected Proterozoic folded basement (0.7243 to 0.7288). Therefore, the Sr isotope data support a mixed source. Studies on the geology and isotope geochemistry suggest that the Shanshulin deposit is a carbonate-hosted, thrust fault-controlled, strata-bound, epigenetic, high grade deposit formed by fluids and metals of mixed origin.  相似文献